What to do in Sevilla

by Cristina
Super-Host in Sevilla

I love being part of the organization of free events in Seville, such as walking tours. It allows me to share the richness of my city with its inhabitants, making each event an opportunity for Sevillians and visitors to experience the history, culture and beauty of Seville in an accessible way. It is a way to give back to the community and show the best of Seville to anyone who wants to discover it.

Participating in the organization of these free events has opened my eyes to the diversity of no-cost activities in Seville, from outdoor concerts to art exhibitions. It is exciting to see how the people of Seville come together to enjoy and appreciate their city in new and accessible ways.

It inspires me to keep looking for and sharing these "planazos gratis", making Seville an even more vibrant and welcoming place for everyone.

What to do today in Seville for free: 11 plans without spending 1 euro

1. Get lost in the Triana Neighborhood

To explore the Barrio de Triana is to discover the beating heart of Seville, where every corner tells stories, flamenco adorns the streets, and vibrant colors bring the city to life. This neighborhood, with its unique atmosphere and breathtaking views of the Giralda, is where you can really feel the Sevillian soul. I recommend getting lost in its narrow streets and immersing yourself in its rich and authentic culture.

2. Sign up for a Free Walking Tour

Discovering Seville on foot and without spending money is possible with free tours. The best thing about strolling through the historic corners with someone who tells you the legends and anecdotes is that you feel the city alive, vibrant, and very much your own. From Plaza Nueva to Plaza de España, it's a time capsule on foot. Ideal to understand how history was woven in these streets.

3. Maria Luisa Park

It is my favorite corner in Seville, a true oasis in the city that invites you to calm and enjoy nature, all at no cost. It is perfect for those days when you just want to relax in the sun, read a book or enjoy a picnic in good company. Every walk along its paths is a discovery of history and beauty, a refreshing break from the daily routine. Therefore, I highly recommend it to anyone visiting or living in Seville.

4. Alameda de Hercules

To explore the **Alameda de Hércules** is to immerse yourself in the bohemian heart of Seville, where music and culture fill the atmosphere. This vibrant space, with its bars and street music, captures the authentic spirit of the city, ideal for experiencing the true essence of Seville without spending. It is perfect to enjoy casual encounters and appreciate the local atmosphere.

5. Attend a Flamenco Show at La Carbonería

I love the idea of attending a flamenco show at La Carbonería because it captures the essence of flamenco in an authentic and relaxed setting. It is the perfect combination of culture, music, and local flavor, all in one memorable night in Seville. The intimate atmosphere and the possibility to enjoy it free of charge make it even more special.

6. Getting lost in the Triana Market

To explore the Triana Market is to experience the spirit of Seville in every corner. This place vibrates with the energy of a neighborhood full of tradition, where the freshness of its products and the warmth of its people surround you. From food stalls to handicrafts, it is a feast for the senses. I highly recommend you to let yourself be carried away by this unique atmosphere to taste the best of the local gastronomy and feel the authentic pulse of Seville.

7. Strolling through the Calle Feria Market

The Mercado de Calle Feria is a fascinating place that transports you directly to the Seville of 1719, perfectly combining history with modern gastronomy. Nestled among historic buildings, this market offers everything from ancient treasures to the latest in Sevillian flavors. Every Thursday, it transforms into the beating heart of tradition, offering a unique experience that captures the essence of Seville. It's a place you can't miss to experience the authentic atmosphere of the city

8. Go to the Lonja del Barranco Market

The Mercado Lonja del Barranco is no ordinary market; it is a unique experience that combines exceptional gastronomy with stunning riverfront architecture designed by Eiffel. With a wide variety of culinary options ranging from the traditional to the most innovative, it becomes the ideal place for food enthusiasts and those who appreciate good food. This space is perfect for discovering the flavors of Seville in an unparalleled atmosphere.

9. Picnic in the Alamillo Park

The Alamillo Park is that place where Sevillians escape from the hustle and bustle without leaving our city. A picnic here is to rediscover the art of relaxing outdoors, among trees that tell stories and paths that invite you to get lost. And best of all, you can enjoy it all year round. Ideal for a break from routine, recharge your batteries and, of course, totally free!

10. Visit the Mercadillo Histórico de El Jueves (Historic Market of El Jueves)

Exploring the Mercadillo Histórico de El Jueves is to immerse yourself in a Sevillian tradition, where each stall is a window into local history and culture. What attracts me is the possibility of discovering treasures and bargains in an atmosphere full of life and tradition. It is more than a market; it is a cultural experience that defines the essence of Thursdays in Seville.

11. Go to See the Tears of the Macarena

La Macarena, that Virgin that touches the soul of all Sevillians with her crystalline tears. To walk through her basilica and come face to face with her expression of pain is to experience Seville in its purest essence. It is not only an icon of Holy Week, it is a piece of living history, of faith, of culture. And it's free, so you have no excuse not to go!

12 Places to visit in Seville for free

1. Explore the Archivo de las Indias

The Archivo de las Indias is not only free, it's a journey into the heart of the discovery of America. It's like having a direct pass to the best kept secrets of world history, all in a building that is a work of art in itself.

2. The Plaza de España

In Seville is a place that has always fascinated me and that I fervently recommend. Its majestic architecture and benches representing each Spanish province are not only a tribute to the diversity of the country, but also a stunning visual spectacle. It is the perfect setting to understand the cultural richness of Spain, and each visit reveals a new detail that had previously gone unnoticed. An emblematic place you can't miss.

3. The Golden Tower

It is one of those places in Seville that you can not miss, especially because on Mondays the entrance is free. It is a perfect opportunity to immerse yourself in the naval history of the city, enjoying breathtaking views of the Guadalquivir River. It is that mix of culture, history and beauty that makes the Torre del Oro a place I always recommend visiting to better understand the Sevillian legacy.

4. The Palace of Las Dueñas

It is an architectural jewel of Seville that opens its doors for free on Mondays, offering a unique opportunity to admire its splendor at no cost. It is a place that captivates not only for its beauty but also for its history and gardens. I highly recommend visiting it for lovers of architecture and history who wish to immerse themselves in the Sevillian nobility.

5. Seville City Hall

It offers a unique opportunity, especially for residents, to explore its rich history and impressive architecture at no cost. Visiting this building is not only a journey through Seville's political and social time, but also a chance to appreciate its art and design up close. It is, without a doubt, a plan that I recommend to immerse yourself in the very essence of the city.

6. Magallanes Park

It is a green oasis next to the Torre Sevilla Shopping Center, known for being the scene of free events such as Electrolunch. This space offers the perfect combination of nature and culture, ideal to enjoy at no cost. Recommended for those looking for outdoor fun in a relaxed environment.

7. The Metropol Parasol (Las Setas)

Offers Sevillians the opportunity to enjoy unique panoramic views of the city at no cost. This innovative and modern viewpoint has become a symbol of contemporary Seville. Personally, I find it fascinating not only for its architecture but also for the unique perspective it offers of the city. It is definitely a place I recommend visiting to experience Seville from above.

8. The Convent of Santa Clara

It stands out as a haven of serenity and art in Seville, accessible almost every day. This place is not only an oasis of calm in the city, but also a space where art and history intertwine harmoniously. I recommend visiting it to experience a moment of peace and reflection, surrounded by historical beauty.

9. The House of Pilatos

It is a charming palace in Seville that offers free admission for children and people with disabilities. This place is a must for those who appreciate Renaissance architecture and Arabic artistic details. It is an enriching and accessible cultural experience, perfect for families looking to explore the history and beauty of Seville without financial worries.

10. The Royal Tobacco Factory

It is an impressive building that combines history and beauty, serving as the headquarters of the University of Seville. Its architecture and surrounding academic atmosphere make it a point of interest for both history buffs and those who appreciate stunning architecture. I recommend a visit to immerse yourself in Seville's cultural legacy in an educational setting.

11. The Palace of the Countess of Lebrija

Every Friday, it gives us the opportunity to admire its ground floor for free. This palace, rich in Roman mosaics and with a decoration that fuses diverse artistic styles, is a fascinating place that I recommend a visit to immerse yourself in the history and unparalleled beauty of Seville.

12. Museum-hopping on the cheap

Each museum in Seville offers a unique window into different aspects of Seville's culture, history and art. Here is a list of museums with free admission:

• Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla: Free for EU citizens, an art paradise.
  
  
• Museo de Artes y Costumbres Populares: Free admission to immerse yourself in Sevillian tradition.
  
  
• Centro de Cerámica de Triana: Free for Sevillians and children under 16, exploring ceramics.
  
  
• Centro Velázquez: Free for children and people with disabilities, dedicated to Velázquez.
  
  
• Museo Arqueológico Provincial: Free admission for EU citizens when it reopens.
  
  
• Naval Museum: Free on Mondays, a maritime adventure.
  
  
• Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo (Andalusian Center of Contemporary Art ): Free during specific hours, modern and contemporary art.
  
  
• Museo Histórico Militar de Sevilla: No specific day free, a journey through military history.

by Cristina
Super-Host in Sevilla

I love walking and hiking, which leads me to discover unforgettable routes that combine nature, history, and culture. From green paths that wind along the river to historic trails through the city, each step reveals a part of its charm.

These are my favorite routes, the ones that capture the essence of walking in Seville, inviting you to know it more deeply with every step.

What to See in Seville in Two Days

Imagine I’m taking you to discover Seville, my city—a place I haven’t only walked all over but also lived and felt in every corner. Let's explore it together, combining iconic spots with those little secrets only a local would know.

This itinerary is an invitation to see Seville through my eyes, to feel and experience the city as we Sevillians do. Beyond the monuments and landmarks, I invite you to experience the very life of Seville, with all its flavors, sounds, and colors.

Day 1: The Essence of Seville

Morning: A Traditional Breakfast and the Cathedral

There’s nothing like starting the day at a local churro shop, a place where I grew up tasting those crispy churros dipped in hot chocolate. Families gather here, sharing laughs and plans for the day.

Then, we’ll head to Seville Cathedral. I'll tell you about the times I played in the Patio de los Naranjos and how La Giralda continues to witness the stories that shape this city. The Cathedral, beyond its magnificence, is a place of meetings and memories. It evokes generations' worth of memories. Climbing La Giralda is like reliving each step of history, from Muslim times to the present. Every time I ascend, it feels like the city is revealing its oldest secrets to me. Seeing Seville from above reminds me how much I love this place.

Midday: Discovering the Royal Alcázar 

The Royal Alcázar is a treasure trove of stories, a blend of architecture and nature where every room and garden whispers tales of kings and conquerors. The gardens are my personal refuge, a place where the stresses of everyday life fade away among the orange trees and the soft sound of water.

Afternoon: The Soul of Santa Cruz 

We’ll stroll through the Santa Cruz neighborhood, where every corner hides a story. This is the ancient heart of Seville, where narrow streets and hidden squares evoke a past full of mystery and beauty. Here, each step reveals the true soul of Seville.

Walking through this neighborhood is like walking on a canvas painted with Seville's history. Every corner, every flower-filled balcony has a story to tell. Here, every step is a discovery, from old synagogues to hidden courtyards.

Evening: The Torre del Oro and the Guadalquivir River

As night falls, we’ll head to the Guadalquivir, with the Torre del Oro standing guard in the distance, just as it has for centuries. This place, especially at sunset, offers one of the most magical views of the city. Here, history meets the natural beauty of Seville. A stroll along the river at dusk, watching the lights reflect on the water, is one of those magical moments only Seville can offer.

Day 2: Discoveries and Traditions

Morning: Maria Luisa Park and Plaza de España

The day begins at Maria Luisa Park, my personal oasis in the city. It’s a peaceful retreat where history blends with nature. This park is the green lung of Seville, a place where nature and history meet. Every corner, from the pavilions of the Ibero-American Exposition to the hidden ponds, has its charm.

From there, we’ll head to Plaza de España. I'll tell you about the pride I feel every time I visit this place, a symbol of Sevillian identity and grandeur. It’s an architectural jewel that combines beauty, history, and art.

Midday: The Archive of the Indies 

The Archive of the Indies is not just a historical building, it’s a time capsule. Here, old documents and maps speak directly from the past, telling stories of exploration and discovery. It’s fascinating to think about all the ancient maps and documents preserved here—testimonies of adventures and discoveries. Visiting it is like traveling back in time, connecting with the Sevillians who, centuries ago, dreamed of unknown worlds.

Afternoon: The Vibrant Triana District 

Crossing the bridge to Triana feels like stepping into another universe. This neighborhood, with its flamenco soul and lively streets, is the heart of the most authentic Seville. Here, every flamenco club and every tile tells the story of a neighborhood that has been the cradle of artists, bullfighters, and sailors. It’s the indomitable spirit of Seville, a place where art and passion can be felt in every corner.

Evening: The Flamenco Heart of Seville 

We’ll end the day at a flamenco venue, where you can experience the purest essence of Seville. Flamenco is not just a dance or a music—it’s the expression of the Andalusian soul. In every step, in every cry, you can feel Seville’s living history. It’s here, between clapping hands and guitars, that you can truly understand what it means to be Sevillian.

My Hiking Routes in Seville

Circular Route from Rebollar to the Huéznar Waterfalls

This route is a must if you’re looking to immerse yourself in the natural beauty of Seville, offering a perfect chance to escape the city bustle and reconnect with nature. This 11.38 km hike invites you to explore a diverse landscape that captures the essence of rural Andalusia, making it ideal for families and hiking enthusiasts of all levels. This route is a rewarding experience that allows you to appreciate Seville's natural beauty, history, and culture in a unique and personal way.

Why Should You Take This Route?

• Diverse Landscapes: You’ll start your adventure in the old mining village of Rebollar, where you’ll enter an oak forest straight out of a fairy tale. Walking beneath the canopy of these majestic trees, with the ground carpeted in leaves, transports you to another world—one more peaceful and serene.
  
  
• Exploring Old Mines: The route takes you through old mines and tunnels, adding a touch of adventure and mystery to your hike. It’s a unique opportunity to teach younger generations about the industrial history of the region and imagine the lives of those who worked in these mines centuries ago.
  
  
• The Huéznar Waterfalls:  The highlight of the route is undoubtedly the Huéznar Waterfalls. The sound of falling water, the freshness in the air, and the visual spectacle offered by these waterfalls are simply revitalizing. It’s the perfect spot to stop, enjoy a picnic, and maybe, if the weather allows, cool off in the crystal-clear waters.
  
  
• Perfect for Families:  With a low difficulty level and moderate distance, this route is accessible to family members of all ages. Kids will marvel at the natural surroundings, while adults will appreciate the peace and beauty of the landscape.
  
  
• Connection with Nature:  In a world that’s increasingly digital, taking time to disconnect and connect with nature is essential. This route offers the perfect dose of fresh air, exercise, and natural beauty, contributing to your physical and mental well-being.

by Cristina
Super-Host in Sevilla

I have always been fascinated by discovering my city's best kept secrets, and Seville is full of hidden gems that many overlook. From small flowery courtyards in old neighborhoods to taverns with centuries of stories behind their counters, these jewels are the treasures that make up the soul of Seville. In this section, I will share with you those special and lesser-known corners, those places that make Seville a unique city, hoping that they will inspire you to explore it with the same passion and curiosity as me.

My 8 favorite street markets in Seville

Diving into Seville's street markets is one of my favorite pastimes. It's that mix of history, culture, and the joy of discovery that keeps me coming back again and again. Let me guide you through this personal tour of my favorite Seville street markets and discover why they hold a special place in my heart.

1. Thursday at Feria Street: A Chest of Surprises
   

   Feria Street is transformed into a labyrinth of discoveries, with a unique atmosphere, where every Thursday becomes an adventure. Here, every object has a story to tell, from vintage sunglasses to toys that transport me to another era.

   📍 C/ Feria and Plaza de Montesión

   
   
2. Zoco del Parque de María Luisa: Nature and Encounters.
   
   On the third Sunday of every month, Maria Luisa Park becomes my refuge. The mix of the green of the park with the bustle of the souk creates an atmosphere where I always find something unique. This souk is the perfect pretext to enjoy the outdoors and take home a little piece of Seville.
   
   
   📍 Avenida Don Pelayo
   📅 A must on the third Sunday of every month.
   
   
3. Mercadillo del Duque: Small Urban Treasures
   
   In front of El Corte Inglés, this daily market is like my little Pandora's box. I always discover something new, whether it's a unique piece of costume jewelry or an accessory that defines my style.
   
   📍 Duque de la Victoria Square
   📅 My appointment from Wednesday to Saturday
   
   
4. La Plaza del Cabildo: Journey to the Numismatic Past
   
   Sundays have a special glow thanks to this market. It's like a trip back in time, but instead of a machine, you have coins and medals that tell you stories of bygone eras. An oasis for collectors and the curious alike. It fascinates me to be able to touch pieces of history, medals and coins that have traveled through time to tell me their secrets.
   
   📍 Along the Avenida de la Constitución
   📅 Every Sunday, an encounter with history.
   
   
5. Art Walk: Creativity on the banks of the Guadalquivir
   
   Art has a way of speaking directly to the soul, and Paseo de Arte is where I hear the most vibrant stories. Every weekend, this place transforms into my favorite open-air gallery. Here the Guadalquivir murmurs in the artists' ears and their creations come to life.
   
   📍 Paseo de Nuestra Señora de la O
   📅 Saturdays and Sundays, art day.
   
   
   
6. Pop-Up Market Torre Sevilla: Ephemeral and Fascinating
   
   Ephemeral has its charm, and the Pop-Up Market at Torre Sevilla is the perfect representation of this. Fashion, design, and creative workshops offer me a different experience every month.
   
   📍 Torre Sevilla Shopping Center
   📅 Second weekend of every month, pure innovation
   
   
   
7. Gran Soho Alameda: Explosion of Color and Craftsmanship
   
   The Alameda de Hercules and its more than 70 stalls is where my love for handmade is fully satisfied. The diversity and colorfulness of this market feeds my creative spirit.
   
   📍 Alameda de Hercules
   📅 The second Sunday of every month, except in summer
   
   
   
8. Art Market: Inspiration in Every Corner
   
   Surrounding the Murillo statue, this market is where I find inspiration. Local artists exhibiting their works under the Sevillian sun make every Sunday a feast for the senses.
   
   📍 Plaza del Museo
   📅 Every Sunday, a gallery under the blue sky

The 5 Best Torrijas of Seville

1. La Campana: Tradition in Every Bite
   
   It is an emblem of Seville since 1885, and the clear example of why traditions endure. Its torrijas, offered at an affordable price, are a must for anyone looking to experience the taste of Seville in every bite.
   
   📍 c/ Sierpes, 1-3
   
   
2. Barra Baja: A Sweet Revelation
   
   La Barra Baja is a place whose cuisine has always invited me to return. But it was their caramelized torrija with orange sorbet that left me speechless: a true work of culinary art that deserves to be enjoyed with calm and appreciation.
   
   
3. La Torrijada: El Templo de la Torrija
   
   It is a sanctuary dedicated body and soul to this sweet. With a proposal of artisan torrijas available all year round, and options for all tastes, including gluten-free and vegan, La Torrijada has made innovation its flag.
   
   📍 c/ Lineros, 11
   
   
4. Perro Viejo: A Classic Reinvented
   
   Perro Viejo never ceases to amaze me, and their torrija with ice cream on a tiramisu base is proof of that. The fusion of flavors, along with a perfectly executed brioche bread, makes this dessert a memorable experience.
   
   📍 c/ Arguijo, 3
   
   
5. Seis: Elegance and Flavor
   
   Seis has earned a place in my heart not only for its romantic ambiance, but for its innovative proposal of cookie cake style torrija with vanilla ice cream. It's one of those experiences that makes you close your eyes and enjoy every bite.
   
   📍 Plaza Nueva, 7

The 5 most emblematic cocktail bars in Seville

1. Naked and Famous: A Sensory Journey
   
   The first on my list is Naked and Famous, a place that breaks schemes from the moment you cross its door. Its atmosphere, designed by the Lucas and Hernandez-Gil studio, combines elegance and daring, making you feel in a parallel universe of flavors and sensations. Here, each cocktail is a liquid work of art that deserves to be tasted with all the senses.
   
   At Naked and Famous, I am always seduced by their interpretation of the Old Fashioned. Here, the classic cocktail is reinvented with a touch of sophistication and boldness that reflects the innovative spirit of the place. Each sip is an invitation to further explore the art of mixology.
   
   📍 c/ Argote de Molina, 21
   
   
2. Le XIX: A Modernized Classic
   
   Le XIX is another of my favorites, a space that reminds me of the iconic New York pubs where friendship and good times flow as freely as the cocktails. The quality of their creations is exceptional, with an offer that invites you to forget about the clock and simply enjoy the now.
   
   Le XIX has a cocktail that I simply cannot get out of my mind: the White Russian. This classic is served with a mastery that elevates each ingredient, creating an unforgettable taste experience. Perfect for an evening of deep talks and shared laughter.
   
   📍 c/ Tomás de Ibarra, 9
   
   
3. Montana: Elegance and Flavor in Every Sip
   
   Montana's terrace is the perfect place for those looking to combine the hustle and bustle of the Sevillian afternoon with the tranquility of a good cocktail. Its menu is an invitation to rediscover classics and be surprised by innovative proposals.
   
   Montana pleasantly surprised me with its version of the Margarita. In this place, the cocktail takes on a new dimension, perfectly balancing sweet, sour and salty, and serving it in an atmosphere that invites you to relax and enjoy the moment.
   
   📍 c/ San Pablo, 17
   
   
4. Chaman Cocktail - Bar: Magic in Every Drink
   
   Chaman Cocktail - Bar is a revelation in Seville, a space dedicated to those looking for new and exciting experiences. Here, the cocktail bar is understood as a dialogue between the bartender and the client, always looking for the perfect cocktail for each person.
   
   At Chaman Cocktail - Bar, the cocktail that captured my heart was the Negroni. Here, this classic drink is prepared with a dedication and care that make it a true work of liquid art, ideal to start or end the night with a touch of magic.
   
   📍 c/ Puerta de la carne, 6
   
   
5. The Second Room: A Refuge of Flavor
   
   Finally, The Second Room has become a must on my cocktail route through Seville. Its unique atmosphere and dedication to excellence in every cocktail, especially its famous mojito, position it as one of the jewels of the city.
   
   Here I can't resist their Mojito: it is prepared with such mastery that every sip is a reminder of why this cocktail has won the hearts of many. Fresh, aromatic and perfectly balanced, it is the ideal drink to accompany a pleasant conversation.
   
   📍 c/ de Placentines, 19

My favorite restaurants in Seville

To explore Seville through its gastronomy is to enter a world of flavors, aromas and traditions that capture the essence of the city. Among its narrow streets and squares, I have found my favorite places to enjoy the best food, places that combine quality with tradition and innovation. Here I share with you my favorite restaurants in Seville, each with a particular charm that makes them unique:

1. Bodeguita Romero: This place is a must for anyone looking to savor authentic Sevillian cuisine without leaving a hole in the pocket. Its tapas, especially the pringá, are a tribute to good Andalusian food. Whenever I pass by the Cathedral, I can't resist stopping here and letting myself be carried away by the variety of its menu.
   
   📍 c/ Harinas, 10
   
   
2. Las Golondrinas: Triana would not be the same without Las Golondrinas. This place is the soul of the neighborhood, offering tapas that are a real delight, such as its famous mushrooms with aioli. Visiting its two locals is to take a trip to the heart of Sevillian gastronomy, where quality and popular prices go hand in hand.
   
   c/ Antillano Campos, 26 | c/ Pagés del Corro, 76
   
   
3. Casa Manolo León: For special occasions, Manolo León is my refuge. Its patio, one of the most elegant in Seville, creates the perfect ambiance for a romantic dinner. Each visit is an experience for the senses, combining culinary excellence with dreamy surroundings.
   
   📍 c/ Guadalquivir, 8
   
   
4. Petra: Here I have found the best potato omelette in Seville, with onion confit and aioli, a true masterpiece. Petra is that place I go to when I want to share flavor and good times without worrying about the budget.
   
   📍 c/ Alfalfa, 5
   
   
5. El Rinconcillo: This bar is a journey through time, a place where the culinary tradition of Seville has been kept alive over the centuries. Every visit is an opportunity to enjoy classics like pavías de bacalao, in an atmosphere that exudes history and charm.
   
   📍 c/ Gerona, 40
   
   
6. Pan y Circo: Originality and art come together in this restaurant, where gastronomy becomes a unique experience. Here, every dish is a surprise, an invitation to explore flavors and textures in an environment full of artwork and singular design.
   
   📍 c/ Rivero, 11
   
   
7. María Trifulca: This restaurant is an open window to the Guadalquivir, offering spectacular views along with a cuisine that blends tradition and modernity. María Trifulca is the ideal place for those looking to enjoy a unique gastronomic experience in an unparalleled setting.
   
   📍 Puente de Triana, Pl. del Altozano, 1